When buying a stone it is important that it has been graded and comes with a certificate issued by a recognised diamond grading specialist. A diamond certificate, sometimes called a grading report, is a complete evaluation of your diamond, performed by qualified professionals using special gemmological instruments. Each stone contains its own recognisable, individual characteristics, which are listed on the certificate. A certificate is a "blueprint" of a diamond; it tells you the diamond's exact measurements and weight, as well as the details of its cut and quality. Most importantly, certificates also serve as proof of the diamond's identity and value.
There are many diamond labs that issue certificates, but the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) and the HRD are the two most widely regarded and recognized diamond grading labs in the world.